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Gossypium hirsutum  is most broadly cultivated in the world due to its broader adaptation to the environment and successful breeding of early maturity varieties. However, how cotton responds to environmental cues to adjust flowering time to achieve reproductive success is largely unknown.  SOC1  functions as an essential integrator for the endogenous and exogenous signals to maximize reproduction. Thus we identified six  SOC1 -like genes in Gossypium that clustered into two groups.  GhSOC1-1  contained a large intron and clustered with monocot  SOC1s , while  GhSOC1-2/ 3 were close to dicot  SOC1s .  GhSOC1s  expression gradually increased during seedling development suggesting their conserved function in promoting flowering, which was supported by the early flowering phenotype of  35S:GhSOC1-1 Arabidopsis  lines and the delayed flowering of cotton silencing lines. Furthermore,  GhSOC1-1  responded to short-day and high temperature conditions, while  GhSOC1-2  responded to long-day conditions.  GhSOC1-3  might function to promote flowering in response to low temperature and cold. Taken together, our results demonstrate that  GhSOC1s  respond differently to light and temperature and act cooperatively to activate  GhLFY  expression to promote floral transition and enlighten us in cotton adaptation to environment that is helpful in improvement of cotton maturity.

GhSOC1s Evolve to Respond Differently to the Environmental Cues and Promote Flowering in Partially Independent Ways