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When homozygously fertile plants were induced using doubled haploid (DH) induction lines Y3380 and Y3560, the morphology of the induced F 1  generation was basically consistent with the female parent, but the fertility was separated, showing characteristics similar to cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) and maintainer lines. In this study, the morphology, fertility, ploidy, and cytoplasm genotype of the induced progeny were identified, and the results showed that the sterile progeny was  polima  cytoplasm sterile ( pol  CMS) and the fertile progeny was  nap  cytoplasm. The molecular marker and test-cross experimental results showed that the fertile progeny did not carry the restorer gene of  pol  CMS and the genetic distance between the female parent and the offspring was 0.002. This suggested that those inductions which produced sterile and fertile progeny were coordinated to CMS and maintainer lines. Through the co-linearity analysis of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), it was found that the rearrangement of mtDNA by DH induction was the key factor that caused the transformation of fertility ( nap ) into sterility ( pol ). Also, when heterozygous females were induced with DH induction lines, the induction F 2  generation also showed the segregation of fertile and sterile lines, and the genetic distance between sterile and fertile lines was approximately 0.075. Therefore, the induction line can induce different types of female parents, and the breeding of the sterile line and the maintainer line can be achieved through the rapid synchronization of sister crosses and self-crosses. The induction of DH inducer in  B. napus  can provide a new model for the innovation of germplasm resources and open up a new way for its application.

frontiers in plant science

Rapid and Synchronous Breeding of Cytoplasmic Male Sterile and Maintainer Line Through Mitochondrial DNA Rearrangement Using Doubled Haploid Inducer in Brassica napus