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Secreted peptide-mediated cell-to-cell communication plays a crucial role in the development of multicellular organisms. A large number of secreted peptides have been predicated by bioinformatic approaches in plants. However, only a few of them have been functionally characterized. In this study, we show that two CLAVATA3/EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGION-RELATED (CLE) peptides CLE16/17 are required for both stem cell differentiation and lateral root (LR) emergence in  Arabidopsis . We further demonstrate that the CLE16/17 peptides act through the CLAVATA1-ARABIDOPSIS CRINKLY4 (CLV1-ACR4) protein kinase complex in columella stem cell (CSC) differentiation, but not in LR emergence. Furthermore, we show that CLE16/17 promote LR emergence probably  via  activating the expression of  HAESA / HAESA-LIKE2  ( HAE / HSL2 ) required for cell wall remodeling. Collectively, our results reveal a CLV1-ACR4-dependent and -independent dual-function of the CLE16/17 peptides in root development.

Control of Root Stem Cell Differentiation and Lateral Root Emergence by CLE16/17 Peptides in Arabidopsis