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Chrysanthemum white rust (CWR), a disease caused by the fungus  Puccinia horiana  Henn., seriously impairs the production and ornamental value of chrysanthemums. We previously isolated the disease-resistance gene  CmWRKY15-1  from the chrysanthemum and generated  CmWRKY15-1  transgenic plants. Here, we determined that  CmWRKY15-1 -overexpressing lines of the susceptible cultivar ‘Jinba’ show higher defensive enzyme activity and lower H 2 O 2  levels than a wild type after inoculation with  P. horiana , indicating that  CmWRKY15-1  positively regulates plant responses to  P. horiana . To further explore the mechanism underlying this effect, we performed RNA sequencing using the leaves of wild-type and  CmWRKY15-1 -RNA interference lines of the resistant cultivar ‘C029’ after treatment with  P. horiana . We identified seven differentially expressed genes in the salicylic acid (SA) pathway, including  CmNPR1  ( Non-expressor of pathogenesis-related genes 1 ), encoding an important regulator of this pathway. We isolated the  CmNPR1  promoter by hiTAIL-PCR and predicted that it contains pathogen-induced W-box elements. The promoter region of  CmNPR1  was activated by  P. horiana  in a β-glucuronidase activity assay. Yeast one-hybrid assays showed that CmWRKY15-1 binds to the  CmNPR1  promoter region to regulate its expression. Finally, we confirmed the interaction between CmWRKY15-1 and CmNPR1 in a bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay. We propose that CmWRKY15-1 interacts with CmNPR1 to activate the expression of downstream pathogenesis-related genes that enhance resistance to  P. horiana  through the SA pathway. These findings shed light on the mechanism underlying resistance to CWR.

CmWRKY15-1 Promotes Resistance to Chrysanthemum White Rust by Regulating CmNPR1 Expression