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Salinity is a major limiting factor in crop productivity. Dehydration-responsive element-binding protein (DREB) transcription factors have been widely identified in a variety of plants and play important roles in plant stress responses. Studies on DREBs have primarily focused on the A-1 and A-2 DREB groups, while few have focused on the A-5 group. In this study, we concentrated on  ScDREB5 , an A-5b type  DREB  gene from the desiccation-tolerant moss  Syntrichia caninervis .  ScDREB5  is a transcription factor localized to the nucleus that exhibits transactivation activity in yeast. Ectopic  ScDREB5  expression in  Arabidopsis thaliana  increased seed germination and improved seedling tolerance under salt stress.  ScDREB5 -overexpression transgenic Arabidopsis lines showed lower methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) contents, but higher peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities compared to wild plants. Moreover, the transcriptional levels of stress marker genes, including  RD29B ,  COR47 ,  LEA6 ,  LEA7 ,  ERD1 ,  P5CS1 , and salt overly sensitive (SOS) genes ( SOS1 ,  SOS2 , and  SOS3 ), were upregulated in the transgenic lines when subjected to salt treatment. Transcriptome and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analyses indicated that transgenic lines were accompanied by an increased expression of jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis genes, as well as a higher JA content under salt stress. Our results suggest that  ScDREB5  could improve salt tolerance by enhancing the scavenging abilities of reactive oxygen species (ROS), increasing JA content by upregulating JA synthesis gene expression, regulating ion homeostasis by up-regulating stress-related genes, osmotic adjustment, and protein protection, making  ScDREB5  a promising candidate gene for crop salt stress breeding.

frontiers in plant science

The DREB A-5 Transcription Factor ScDREB5 From Syntrichia caninervis Enhanced Salt Tolerance by Regulating Jasmonic Acid Biosynthesis in Transgenic Arabidopsis