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Physalis angulata  is a renowned traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of various conditions. Physalin is the major type of bioactive constituents conferring medicinal properties of  P. angulata . Despite the medicinal importance, the pathways leading to physalin are largely unknown. In this study, we employed a transcriptomic approach to identify a  Pa24ISO  gene from  P. angulata . Through heterologous expression in yeast, Pa24ISO was revealed to catalyze an isomerization reaction in converting 24-methylenecholesterol to 24-methyldesmosterol. Real-time PCR analysis showed that the abundance of  Pa24ISO  transcripts correlated with the accumulation pattern of physalin B in different tissues of  P. angulata . A direct role of Pa24ISO in channeling of 24-methylenecholesterol for physalin B biosynthesis was illustrated by suppressing the gene in  P. angulata via  the VIGS approach. Down-regulation of  Pa24ISO  led to reduced levels of 24-methyldesmosterol and physalin B, accompanied with an increase of campesterol content in  P. angulata . The results supported that 24ISO is involved in physalin biosynthesis in plants.

RNAi of Sterol Δ24-Isomerase Implicated Its Involvement in Physalin Biosynthesis in Physalis angulata L.