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Auxin is a central phytohormone and controls almost all aspects of plant development and stress response. Auxin homeostasis is coordinately regulated by biosynthesis, catabolism, transport, conjugation, and deposition. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized MAIGO2 (MAG2) complex mediates tethering of arriving vesicles to the ER membrane, and it is crucial for ER export trafficking. Despite important regulatory roles of MAG2 in vesicle trafficking, the  mag2  mutant had mild developmental abnormalities. MAG2 has one homolog protein, MAG2-Like (MAL), and the  mal-1  mutant also had slight developmental phenotypes. In order to investigate MAG2 and MAL regulatory function in plant development, we generated the  mag2-1 mal-1  double mutant. As expected, the double mutant exhibited serious developmental defects and more alteration in stress response compared with single mutants and wild type. Proteomic analysis revealed that signaling, metabolism, and stress response in  mag2-1 mal-1  were affected, especially membrane trafficking and auxin biosynthesis, signaling, and transport. Biochemical and cell biological analysis indicated that the  mag2-1 mal-1  double mutant had more serious defects in vesicle transport than the  mag2-1  and  mal-1  single mutants. The auxin distribution and abundance of auxin transporters were altered significantly in the  mag2-1  and  mal-1  single mutants and  mag2-1 mal-1  double mutant. Our findings suggest that MAG2 and MAL regulate plant development and auxin homeostasis by controlling membrane trafficking, with functional redundancy.

MAG2 and MAL Regulate Vesicle Trafficking and Auxin Homeostasis With Functional Redundancy