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Improving canopy photosynthetic light use efficiency and energy conversion efficiency (ε  c  ) is a major option to increase crop yield potential. However, so far, the diurnal and seasonal variations of canopy light use efficiency (LUE) and ε  c   are largely unknown due to the lack of an efficient method to estimate ε  c   in a high temporal resolution. Here we quantified the dynamic changes of crop canopy LUE and ε  c   during a day and a growing season with the canopy gas exchange method. A response curve of whole-plant carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) flux to incident photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) was further used to calculate ε  c   and LUE at a high temporal resolution. Results show that the LUE of two wheat cultivars with different canopy architectures at five stages varies between 0.01 to about 0.05 mol CO 2  mol –1  photon, with the LUE being higher under medium PAR. Throughout the growing season, the ε  c   varies from 0.5 to 3.7% (11–80% of the maximal ε  c   for C 3  plants) with incident PAR identified as a major factor controlling variation of ε  c  . The estimated average ε  c   from tillering to grain filling stages was about 2.17%, i.e., 47.2% of the theoretical maximal. The estimated season-averaged radiation use efficiency (RUE) was 1.5–1.7 g MJ –1 , which was similar to the estimated RUE based on biomass harvesting. The large variations of LUE and ε  c   imply a great opportunity to improve canopy photosynthesis for greater wheat biomass and yield potential.

Diurnal and Seasonal Variations of Photosynthetic Energy Conversion Efficiency of Field Grown Wheat