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Artemisinin is an important drug for resistance against malaria. Artemisinin is derived from the glandular trichome of leaves, stems, or buds of the Chinese traditional herb  Artemisia annua . Increasing the trichome density may enhance the artemisinin content of  A. annua . It has been proven that cyclins are involved in the development of trichomes in tomato, Arabidopsis, and tobacco, but it is unclear whether the cyclins in  A. annua  influence trichome development. In this study, we showed that  AaCycTL  may regulate trichome development and affect the content of artemisinin. We cloned  AaCycTL  and found that it has the same expression files as the artemisinin biosynthesis pathway gene. We overexpressed  AaCycTL  in Arabidopsis, and the results indicated that  AaCycTL  changed the wax coverage on the surface of Arabidopsis leaves. The trichome density decreased as well. Using yeast two-hybrid and BiFC assays, we show that  AaCycTL  can interact with  AaTAR1 . Moreover, we overexpressed  AaCycTL  in  A. annua  and found that the expression of  AaCycTL  was increased to 82–195%. Changes in wax coverage on the surface of transgenic  A. annua  leaves or stems were found as well. We identified the expression of the artemisinin biosynthesis pathway genes  ADS ,  CYP71AV1 , and  ALDH1  has decreased to 88–98%, 76–97%, and 82–97% in the  AaCycTL -overexpressing  A. annua  lines, respectively. Furthermore, we found reduced the content of artemisinin. In agreement, overexpression of  AaCycTL  in  A. annua  or Arabidopsis may alter waxy loading, change the initiation of trichomes and downregulate trichome density. Altogether,  AaCycTL  mediates trichome development in  A. annua  and thus may serve to regulate trichome density and be used for artemisinin biosynthesis.

AaCycTL Regulates Cuticle and Trichome Development in Arabidopsis and Artemisia annua L.