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The  R2R3-MYB  gene family participates in several plant physiological processes, especially the regulation of the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. However, little is known about the functions of  R2R3-MYB  genes in  Gynostemma pentaphyllum  ( G. pentaphyllum ), a traditional Chinese medicinal herb that is an excellent source of gypenosides (a class of triterpenoid saponins) and flavonoids. In this study, a systematic genome-wide analysis of the  R2R3-MYB  gene family was performed using the recently sequenced  G. pentaphyllum  genome. In total, 87  R2R3-GpMYB  genes were identified and subsequently divided into 32 subgroups based on phylogenetic analysis. The analysis was based on conserved exon–intron structures and motif compositions within the same subgroup. Collinearity analysis demonstrated that segmental duplication events were majorly responsible for the expansion of the  R2R3-GpMYB  gene family, and Ka/Ks analysis indicated that the majority of the duplicated  R2R3-GpMYB  genes underwent purifying selection. A combination of transcriptome analysis and quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR (qRT-PCR) confirmed that  Gynostemma pentaphyllum  myeloblastosis 81 ( GpMYB81 ) along with genes encoding gypenoside and flavonol biosynthetic enzymes exhibited similar expression patterns in different tissues and responses to methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Moreover, GpMYB81 could bind to the promoters of  Gynostemma pentaphyllum  farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase 1 ( GpFPS1 ) and  Gynostemma pentaphyllum  chalcone synthase ( GpCHS ), the key structural genes of gypenoside and flavonol biosynthesis, respectively, and activate their expression. Altogether, this study highlights a novel transcriptional regulatory mechanism that suggests that GpMYB81 acts as a “dual-function” regulator of gypenoside and flavonol biosynthesis in  G. pentaphyllum .

frontiers in plant science

Genome-Wide Identification of R2R3-MYB Transcription Factors: Discovery of a “Dual-Function” Regulator of Gypenoside and Flavonol Biosynthesis in Gynostemma pentaphyllum