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An epiphytic gammarid species,  Apohyale  sp., was abundant in the floating  Ulva prolifera  ( U. prolifera ), which forms large-scale green tides in the Yellow Sea (YSGT). Field observation and laboratory experiments were subsequently conducted to study the species identity, abundance, and grazing effects on the floating algal biomass. The abundance of  Apohyale  sp. showed great spatial variation and varied from 0.03 to 1.47 inds g −1  in the YSGT. In average, each gram of  Apohyale  sp. body mass can consume 0.43 and 0.60 g algal mass of  U. prolifera  per day, and the grazing rates varied among the algae cultured with different nutritional seawaters. It was estimated that grazing of  Apohyale  sp. could efficiently reduce ~0.4 and 16.6% of the algal growth rates in Rudong and Qingdao, respectively. The  U. prolifera  fragments resulting from gnawing of  Apohyale  sp. had a higher growth rate and similar photosynthetic activities compared to the floating algae, indicating probably positive feedback on the floating algal biomass. This research corroborated the significant impact of  Apohyale  sp. on the floating algal mass of YSGT through the top-down control. However, further research is needed to understand the population dynamics of these primary predators and hence their correlation with the expansion or decline of YSGT, especially under the complex food webs in the southern Yellow Sea.

Assessing Herbivorous Impacts of Apohyale sp. on the Ulva prolifera Green Tide in China