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The hexaploid spring wheat cultivar, Carberry, was registered in Canada in 2009, and has since been grown over an extensive area on the Canadian Prairies. Carberry has maintained a very high level of leaf rust ( Puccinia triticina  Eriks.) resistance since its release. To understand the genetic basis of Carberry’s leaf rust resistance, Carberry was crossed with the susceptible cultivar, Thatcher, and a doubled haploid (DH) population of 297 lines was generated. The DH population was evaluated for leaf rust in seven field environments at the adult plant stage. Seedling and adult plant resistance (APR) to multiple virulence phenotypes of  P. triticina  was evaluated on the parents and the progeny population in controlled greenhouse studies. The population was genotyped with the wheat 90 K iSelect single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array, and quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis was performed. The analysis using field leaf rust response indicated that Carberry contributed nine QTL located on chromosomes 1B, 2B (2 loci), 2D, 4A, 4B, 5A, 5B, and 7D. The QTL located on 1B, 2B, 5B, and 7D chromosomes were observed in two or more environments, whereas the remainder were detected in single environments. The resistance on 1B, detected in five environments, was attributed to  Lr46  and on 7D, detected in seven environments to  Lr34 . The first 2B QTL corresponded with the adult plant gene,  Lr13 , while the second QTL corresponded with  Lr16 . The seedling analysis showed that Carberry carries  Lr2a ,  Lr16 , and  Lr23 . Five epistatic effects were identified in the population, with synergistic interactions being observed for  Lr34  with  Lr46 ,  Lr16 , and  Lr2a . The durable rust resistance of Carberry is attributed to  Lr34  and  Lr46  in combination with these other resistance genes, because the resistance has remained effective even though the  P. triticina  population has evolved virulent to  Lr2a, Lr13, Lr16 , and  Lr23 .

A Combination of Leaf Rust Resistance Genes, Including Lr34 and Lr46, Is the Key to the Durable Resistance of the Canadian Wheat Cultivar, Carberry