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The sustainable development of agriculture can be stimulated by the great market availability of bio-inputs, including phosphate-solubilizing microbial strains. However, these strains are currently selected using imprecise and questionable solubilization methodologies in solid or liquid media. We hypothesized that the hydroponic system could be a more efficient methodology for selecting phosphate-solubilizing strains as plant growth promoters. This methodology was tested using the plant  Glycine max  as a model. The growth-promoting potential of the strains was compared with that of the Biomaphos® commercial microbial mixture. The obtained calcium phosphate (CaHPO 4 ) solubilization results using the hydroponic system were inconsistent with those observed in solid and liquid media. However, the tests in liquid medium demonstrated poor performances of  Codinaeopsis  sp. (328EF) and  Hamigera insecticola  (33EF) in reducing pH and solubilizing CaHPO 4 , which corroborates with the effects of biotic stress observed in  G. max  plants inoculated with these strains. Nevertheless, the hydroponic system allowed the characterization of  Paenibacillus alvei  (PA12), which is also efficient in solubilization in a liquid medium. The bacterium  Lysinibacillus fusiformis  (PA26) was the most effective in CaHPO 4  solubilization owing to the higher phosphorus (P) absorption, growth promotion, and physiological performance observed in plants inoculated with this bacterium. The hydroponic method proved to be superior in selecting solubilizing strains, allowing the assessment of multiple patterns, such as nutritional level, growth, photosynthetic performance, and anatomical variation in plants, and even the detection of biotic stress responses to inoculation, obtaining strains with higher growth promotion potential than Biomaphos®. This study proposed a new approach to confirm the solubilizing activity of microorganisms previously selected  in vitro  and potentially intended for the bio-input market that are useful in P availability for important crops, such as soybeans.

Efficiency of the Hydroponic System as an Approach to Confirm the Solubilization of CaHPO4 by Microbial Strains Using Glycine max as a Model