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Strigolactones (SLs) are a class of important plant hormones mainly regulating plant architecture such as branching, which is crucial for crop yield. It is valuable to study SL signaling pathway and its physiological function in sugarcane, the most important sugar crop, for further molecular breeding. Here, two putative SL receptors SsD14a/b and the interacting F-box protein SsMAX2 were identified in  Saccharum spontaneum . SL induced both SsD14a and SsD14b to interact with SsMAX2 in yeast. SsD14a, but not SsD14b, could bind with AtMAX2 and AtSMXL7/SsSMXL7. Overexpression of  SsD14a  or  SsMAX2  rescued the increased branching phenotypes of  Arabidopsis thaliana d14-1  or  max2-3  mutants, respectively. Moreover, the crystal structure of N-terminal truncated SsD14a was solved, with an overall structure identical to AtD14 and OsD14 in the open state, consistent with its conserved branching suppression capacity in  Arabidopsis . In line with the biochemical observations,  SsD14b  could not completely complement in  d14-1  although these two SsD14 proteins have almost identical primary sequences except for very few residues. Complement with the combination of  SsD14b  and  SsMAX2  still failed to rescue the  d14-1 max2-3  double mutant multi-branching phenotype, indicating SsD14b–AtSMXL7 complex formation is required for regulating branching. Mutagenesis analyses revealed that residue R310 at α10 helix of SsD14a was crucial for the binding with SsSMXL7/AtSMXL7 but not SsMAX2. The site-equivalent single-residue P304R substitution enabled SsD14b to bind with AtMAX2 and AtSMXL7/SsSMXL7 and to rescue the phenotype of  d14-1 max2-3  together with SsMAX2. Moreover, this conserved Arg residue across species including rice and  Arabidopsis  determined the activity of SL receptors through maintaining their interaction with SMXL repressors. Taken together, our work identified conserved and divergent strigolactone receptors in sugarcane core SL signaling pathway and revealed a key residue crucial for plant branching control.

Identification of Conserved and Divergent Strigolactone Receptors in Sugarcane Reveals a Key Residue Crucial for Plant Branching Control