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In a world where climate change is real and its consequences are unprecedented, understanding of the plant adaptive capacity and native stress-responsive machinery is crucial. In recent years, universal stress proteins (USPs) have received much attention in the field of plant science due to their stress-specific transcriptional regulation. This study focuses on the extensive characterization of the  USP  gene family members in the monocot crop rice ( Oryza sativa  L. var.  japonica ). Here, we report a total of 44  USP  genes in the rice genome.  In silico  characterization of these genes showed that domain architecture played a major role in the functional diversification of the  USP  gene family which holds for all plant  USPs . On top of that, a higher conservation of  OsUSP  members has been exhibited with a monocot genome ( Zea mays  L.) as compared to a dicot genome ( Arabidopsis thaliana  L.). Expression profiling of the identified genes led to the discovery of multiple  OsUSP  genes that showed pronounced transcript alteration under various abiotic stress conditions, indicating their potential role as multi-functional stress-specific modules. Furthermore, expression validation of  OsUSP  genes using qRT-PCR provided a strong evidence for the utility  OsUSP  genes in building multi-stress tolerant plants. Altogether, this study provides leads to suitable  USP  candidates that could be targeted for plant breeding and genetic engineering experiments to develop stress resilient crop species.

frontiers in plant science

Comprehensive in silico Characterization of Universal Stress Proteins in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) With Insight Into Their Stress-Specific Transcriptional Modulation