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The involvement of the different  Lactuca  species in the domestication and diversification of cultivated lettuce is not totally understood.  Lactuca serriola  is considered as the direct ancestor and the closest relative to  Lactuca sativa , while the other wild species that can be crossed with  L. sativa ,  Lactuca virosa , and  Lactuca saligna , would have just contributed to the latter diversification of cultivated typologies. To contribute to the study of  Lactuca  evolution, we assembled the mtDNA genomes of nine  Lactuca  spp. accessions, among them three from  L. virosa , whose mtDNA had not been studied so far. Our results unveiled little to no intraspecies variation among  Lactuca  species, with the exception of  L. serriola  where the accessions we sequenced diverge significantly from the mtDNA of a  L. serriola  accession already reported. Furthermore, we found a remarkable phylogenetic closeness between the mtDNA of  L. sativa  and the mtDNA of  L. virosa , contrasting to the  L. serriola  origin of the nuclear and plastidial genomes. These results suggest that a cross between  L. virosa  and the ancestor of cultivated lettuce is at the origin of the actual mitochondrial genome of  L. sativa.

Sequence of the Mitochondrial Genome of Lactuca virosa Suggests an Unexpected Role in Lactuca sativa’s Evolution