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The SWEET (sugars will eventually be exported transporter) proteins, a family of sugar transporters, mediate sugar diffusion across cell membranes. Pathogenic fungi can acquire sugars from plant cells to satisfy their nutritional demands for growth and infection by exploiting plant SWEET sugar transporters. However, the mechanism underlying the sugar allocation in cotton plants infected by  Verticillium dahliae , the causative agent of  Verticillium  wilt, remains unclear. In this study, observations of the colonization of cotton roots by  V. dahliae  revealed that a large number of conidia had germinated at 48-hour post-inoculation (hpi) and massive hyphae had appeared at 96 hpi. The glucose content in the infected roots was significantly increased at 48 hpi. On the basis of an evolutionary analysis, an association analysis, and qRT-PCR assays,  GhSWEET42  was found to be closely associated with  V. dahliae  infection in cotton. Furthermore,  GhSWEET42  was shown to encode a glucose transporter localized to the plasma membrane. The overexpression of  GhSWEET42  in  Arabidopsis thaliana  plants led to increased glucose content, and compromised their resistance to  V. dahliae . In contrast, knockdown of  GhSWEET42  expression in cotton plants by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) led to a decrease in glucose content, and enhanced their resistance to  V. dahliae . Together, these results suggest that  GhSWEET42  plays a key role in  V. dahliae  infection in cotton through glucose translocation, and that manipulation of  GhSWEET42  expression to control the glucose level at the infected site is a useful method for inhibiting  V. dahliae  infection.

The GhSWEET42 Glucose Transporter Participates in Verticillium dahliae Infection in Cotton