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The continuous and indiscriminate use of insecticides has been responsible for the emergence of insecticide resistant vector insect populations, especially in  Aedes aegypti . Thus, it is urgent to find natural insecticide compounds with novel mode of action for vector control. The goal of this study was to investigate the larvicidal activity of essential oils (EOs) from  Piper  species against  A. aegypti  characterized as resistant and susceptible strains to pyrethroids. The EOs from leaves of 10  Piper  species were submitted to the evaluation of larvicidal activity in populations of  A. aegypti  in agreement with the (World Health Organization,  2005 ) guidelines. The resistance of the strains characterized by determining the lethal concentrations (LCs) with the insecticide deltamethrin (positive control). The major compounds of the EOs from  Piper  species was identified by GC-MS. The EOs from  Piper aduncum, P. marginatum, P. gaudichaudianum, P. crassinervium , and  P. arboreum  showed activity of up to 90% lethality at 100 ppm (concentration for screening). The activities of the EOs from these 6 species showed similar LCs in both susceptible strain (Rockefeller) and resistant strains (Pampulha and Venda Nova) to pyrethroids. The major compounds identified in the most active EO were available commercially and included β-Asarone, ( E )-Anethole, ( E )-β-Caryophyllene, γ-Terpinene,  p -Cymene, Limonene, α-Pinene, and β-Pinene. Dillapiole was purified by from EO of  P. aduncum . The phenylpropanoids [Dillapiole, ( E )-Anethole and β-Asarone] and monoterpenes (γ-Terpinene,  p -Cymene, Limonene, α-Pinene, and β-Pinene) showed larvicidal activity with mortality between 90 and 100% and could account for the toxicity of these EOs, but the sesquiterpene ( E )-β-Caryophyllene, an abundant component in the EOs of  P. hemmendorffii  and  P. crassinervium , did not show activity on the three populations of  A. aegypti  larvae at a concentration of 100 ppm. These results indicate that  Piper' s EOs should be further evaluated as a potential larvicide, against strains resistant to currently used pesticides, and the identification of phenylpropanoids and monoterpenes as the active compounds open the possibility to study their mechanism of action.

Larvicidal Activity of Essential Oils From Piper Species Against Strains of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Resistant to Pyrethroids