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Although it is known that brassinosteroids (BRs) play pleiotropic roles in plant growth and development, their roles in plant nutrient uptake remain unknown. Here, we hypothesized that BRs directly regulate ammonium uptake by activating the expression of rice  AMT1 -type genes. Exogenous BR treatment upregulated both  AMT1;1  and  AMT1;2  expression, while this induction was impaired in the BR-receptor gene  BRI1  mutant  d61-1 . We then focused on brassinazole-resistant 1 ( BZR1 ), a central hub of the BR signaling pathway, demonstrating the important role of this signaling pathway in regulating  AMT1  expression and rice roots NH 4  +  uptake. The results showed that BR-induced expression of  AMT1;2  was suppressed in  BZR1 RNAi  plants but was increased in  bzr1-D , a gain-of-function  BZR1  mutant. Further EMSA and ChIP analyses showed that BZR1 bound directly to the BRRE motif located in the promoter region of  AMT1;2 . Moreover, cellular ammonium contents,  15 NH 4  +  uptake, and the regulatory effect of methyl-ammonium on root growth are strongly dependent on the levels of  BZR1 . Overexpression lines of  BRI1  and  BZR1  and Genetic combination of them mutants showed that BZR1 activates  AMT1;2  expression downstream of BRI1. In conclusion, the findings suggest that BRs regulation of NH4 +  uptake in rice involves transcription regulation of ammonium transporters.

BZR1 Regulates Brassinosteroid-Mediated Activation of AMT1;2 in Rice