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Bromus catharticus  Vahl. has been used as a valuable forage crop, but it has also been noted as a weed of winter crops and an invader in several countries. In Argentina, a putative glyphosate-resistant population of  B. catharticus  was identified as a consequence of the lack of effective control with glyphosate in the pre-sowing of wheat. Plant survival and shikimate accumulation analysis demonstrated a lower glyphosate-sensitivity of this population in comparison to a susceptible  B. catharticus  population. The resistant population was 4-fold more resistant to glyphosate than its susceptible counterpart. There was no evidence of target-site mechanisms of glyphosate resistance or an enhanced capacity to metabolize glyphosate in the resistant population. However, the resistant plants showed a lower foliar retention of glyphosate (138.34 μl solution g −1  dry weight vs. 390.79 μl solution g −1  dry weight), a reduced absorption of  14 C-glyphosate (54.18 vs. 73.56%) and lower translocation of  14 C-glyphosate from the labeled leaf (27.70 vs. 62.36%). As a result, susceptible plants accumulated a 4.1-fold higher concentration of  14 C-glyphosate in the roots compared to resistant plants. The current work describes the first worldwide case of glyphosate resistance in  B. catharticus . A reduced foliar retention of herbicide, a differential rate of glyphosate entry into leaves and an altered glyphosate translocation pattern would be the most likely mechanisms of glyphosate exclusion.

First Case of Glyphosate Resistance in Bromus catharticus Vahl.: Examination of Endowing Resistance Mechanisms