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The performance of snake melon [ Cucumis melo  var.  flexuosus  (L.)] in organic farming was studied under high biotic and salt stress conditions. Soilborne diseases (mainly caused by  Macrophomina phaseolina  and  Neocosmospora falciformis ), combined with virus incidence [ Watermelon mosaic virus  (WMV),  Zucchini yellow mosaic virus  (ZYMV), and  Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus  (ToLCNDV)] and  Podosphaera xanthii  attacks, reduced yield by more than 50%. Snake melon susceptibility to  M. phaseolina  and  Monosporascus cannonballus  was proved in pathogenicity tests, while it showed some degree of resistance to  Neocosmospora keratoplastica  and  N. falciformis . On the contrary, salt stress had a minor impact, although a synergic effect was detected: yield losses caused by biotic stress increased dramatically when combined with salt stress. Under biotic stress, grafting onto the melon F 1 Pat81 and wild  Cucumis  rootstocks consistently reduced plant mortality in different agroecological conditions, with a better performance compared to classic  Cucurbita  commercial hybrids. Yield was even improved under saline conditions in grafted plants. A negative effect was detected, though, on consumer acceptability, especially with the use of  Cucurbita  rootstocks.  Cucumis  F 1 Pat81 rootstock minimized this side effect, which was probably related to changes in the profile of sugars, acids, and volatiles. Grafting affected sugars and organic acid contents, with this effect being more accentuated with the use of  Cucurbita  rootstocks than with  Cucumis . In fact, the latter had a higher impact on the volatile organic compound profile than on sugar and acid profile, which may have resulted in a lower effect on consumer perception. The use of  Cucumis  rootstocks seems to be a strategy to enable organic farming production of snake melon targeted to high-quality markets in order to promote the cultivation of this neglected crop.

frontiers in plant science

Grafting Snake Melon [Cucumis melo L. subsp. melo Var. flexuosus (L.) Naudin] in Organic Farming: Effects on Agronomic Performance; Resistance to Pathogens; Sugar, Acid, and VOC Profiles; and Consumer Acceptance