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CONSTANS-LIKE  ( COL ) genes play important roles in the regulation of plant growth and development, and they have been analyzed in many plant species. However, few studies have examined  COL  genes in mungbean ( Vigna radiata ). In this study, we identified and characterized 31 mungbean genes whose proteins contained B-Box domains. Fourteen were designated as  VrCOL  genes and were distributed on 7 of the 11 mungbean chromosomes. Based on their phylogenetic relationships,  VrCOLs  were clustered into three groups (I, II, and III), which contained 4, 6, and 4 members, respectively. The gene structures and conserved motifs of the  VrCOL  genes were analyzed, and two duplicated gene pairs,  VrCOL1/VrCOL2  and  VrCOL8/VrCOL9 , were identified. A total of 82  cis -acting elements were found in the  VrCOL  promoter regions, and the numbers and types of  cis -acting elements in each  VrCOL  promoter region differed. As a result, the expression patterns of  VrCOLs  varied in different tissues and throughout the day under long-day and short-day conditions. Among these  VrCOL  genes,  VrCOL2  showed a close phylogenetic relationship with  Arabidopsis thaliana CO  and displayed daily oscillations in expression under short-day conditions but not long-day conditions. In addition, overexpression of  VrCOL2  accelerated flowering in  Arabidopsis  under short-day conditions by affecting the expression of the flowering time genes  AtFT  and  AtTSF . Our study lays the foundation for further investigation of  VrCOL  gene functions.

Characterization of Mungbean CONSTANS-LIKE Genes and Functional Analysis of CONSTANS-LIKE 2 in the Regulation of Flowering Time in Arabidopsis