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Plants, as sessile organisms, are continuously threatened by multiple factors and therefore their profitable production depends on how they can defend themselves. We have previously reported on the characterization of  fitness  mutants which are more tolerant to environmental stresses due to the activation of defense mechanisms. Here, we demonstrate that in  fitness  mutants, which accumulate moderate levels of salicylic acid (SA) and have SA signaling activated, pathogen infection is restricted. Also, we demonstrate that NPR1 is essential in  fitness  mutants for SA storage and defense activation but not for SA synthesis after  Pseudomonas syringae  ( Pst ) infection. Additionally, these mutants do not appear to be metabolically impared, resulting in a higher seed set even after pathogen attack. The FITNESS transcriptional network includes defense-related transcription factors (TFs) such as  ANAC072 ,  ORA59 , and  ERF1  as well as jasmonic acid (JA) related genes including  LIPOXYGENASE2 (LOX2), CORONATINE INSENSITIVE1 (COI1) ,  JASMONATE ZIM-domain3  ( JAZ3 ) and  JAZ10 . Induction of  FITNESS  expression leads to  COI1  downregulation, and to  JAZ3  and  JAZ10  upregulation. As COI1 is an essential component of the bioactive JA perception apparatus and is required for most JA-signaling processes, elevated  FITNESS  expression leads to modulated JA-related responses. Taken together, FITNESS plays a crucial role during pathogen attack and allows a cost-efficient way to prevent undesirable developmental effects.

FITNESS Acts as a Negative Regulator of Immunity and Influences the Plant Reproductive Output After Pseudomonas syringae Infection