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Willow bark is traditionally used for pharmaceutical purposes. Evaluation is so far based on the salicylate content, however, health promoting effects of extracts might be attributed to the interaction of those salicylates with other compounds, which support and complement their action. So far, only  S. purpurea ,  S. daphnoides , and  S. fragilis  are included in pharmaceutical extracts. Crossing with other species could result in a more diverse secondary metabolite profile with higher pharmacological value. With the help of targeted inter- and intraspecific crossing, new chemotypes were generated, whereby nine different  Salix  genotypes ( S. alba ,  S. daphnoides ,  S. humboldtiana ,  S. lasiandra ,  S. nigra ,  S. pentandra ,  S. purpurea ,  S. x rubens ,  S. viminalis ) were included in the study. Based on substances known for their health promoting potential and characteristic for  Salix  (selected phenolic compounds including salicylates), a targeted metabolomics analysis and clustering of 92 generated  Salix  clones was performed revealing four different cluster/chemoprofiles. In more specific, one group is formed by  S. daphnoides  clones and inter- and intraspecific hybrids, a second group by  S. viminalis  clones and inter- and intraspecific hybrids, a third group generally formed by  S. alba ,  S. pentandra ,  S. x rubens , and  S. lasiandra  clones and hybrids, and a fourth group by  S. purpurea  clones and inter- and intraspecific hybrids. Clustering on the basis of the selected phenolic compounds can be used for identifying  Salix  clones with a different compound profile. New combinations of secondary plant metabolites offer the chance to identify  Salix  crosses with improved effects on human health.

Chemoprofiling as Breeding Tool for Pharmaceutical Use of Salix