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In an alternative pathway to acyl-CoA: diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT)-mediated triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis from diacylglycerol, phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (PDAT) utilizes not acyl-CoA but an acyl group from sn-2 position of a phospholipid, to form TAG. The enzyme’s activity  in vitro  matches DGAT’s in a number of plant species, however its main function in plants (especially in vegetative tissue) is debatable. In the presented study, we cultivated  PDAT1 -overexpressing,  pdat1  knockout and wild-type lines of  Arabidopsis thaliana  through their whole lifecycle.  PDAT1  overexpression prolonged Arabidopsis lifespan in comparison to wild-type plants, whereas knocking out  pdat1  accelerated the plant’s senescence. After subjecting the 3-week old seedlings of the studied lines (grown  in vitro ) to 2-h heat stress (40°C) and then growing them for one more week in standard conditions, the difference in weight between wild-type and  PDAT 1-overexpressing lines increased in comparison to the difference between plants grown only in optimal conditions. In another experiment all lines exposed to 2-week cold stress experienced loss of pigment, except for  PDAT 1-overexpressing lines, which green rosettes additionally weighed 4 times more than wild-type. Our results indicate that plants depleted of  PDAT1  are more susceptible to cold exposure, while  PDAT1  overexpression grants plants a certain heat and cold resilience. Since it was shown, that lysophospholipids may be intertwined with stress response, we decided to also conduct  in vitro  assays of acyl-CoA:lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase (LPCAT) and acylCoA:lysophosphatidylethanolamine acyltransferase (LPEAT) activity in microsomal fractions from the  PDAT1 -overexpressing Arabidopsis lines in standard conditions. The results show significant increase in LPEAT and LPCAT activity in comparison to wild-type plants.  PDAT1 -overexpressing lines’ rosettes also present twice as high expression of  LPCAT2  in comparison to control. The presented study shows how much heightened expression of  PDAT1  augments plant condition after stress and extends its lifespan.

Phospholipid:Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase1 Overexpression Delays Senescence and Enhances Post-heat and Cold Exposure Fitness