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Stomatal closure is one of the earliest responses to water stress but residual water losses may continue through the cuticle and incomplete stomatal closure. Residual conductance ( g   res  ) plays a large role in determining time to mortality but we currently do not understand how do drought and shade interact to alter  g   res   because the underlying drivers are largely unknown. Furthermore,  g   res   may play an important role in models of water use, but the exact form in which  g   res   should be incorporated into modeling schemes is currently being discussed. Here we report the results of a study where two different oak species were experimentally subjected to highly contrasting levels of drought (resulting in 0, 50 and 80% losses of hydraulic conductivity) and radiation (photosynthetic photon flux density at 1,500 μmol m –2  s –1  or 35–45 μmol m –2  s –1 ). We observed that the effects of radiation and drought were interactive and species-specific and  g   res   correlated positively with concentrations of leaf non-structural carbohydrates and negatively with leaf nitrogen. We observed that different forms of measuring  g   res  , based on either nocturnal conductance under high atmospheric water demand or on the water mass loss of detached leaves, exerted only a small influence on a model of stomatal conductance and also on a coupled leaf gas exchange model. Our results indicate that, while understanding the drivers of  g   res   and the effects of different stressors may be important to better understand mortality, small differences in  g   res   across treatments and measurements exert only a minor impact on stomatal models in two closely related species.

Radiation and Drought Impact Residual Leaf Conductance in Two Oak Species With Implications for Water Use Models