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Understanding the molecular mechanisms in wheat response to nitrogen (N) fertilizer will help us to breed wheat varieties with improved yield and N use efficiency. Here, we cloned  TaLAMP1-3A ,  -3B , and  -3D , which were upregulated in roots and shoots of wheat by low N availability. In a hydroponic culture, lateral root length and N uptake were decreased in both overexpression and knockdown of  TaLAMP1  at the seedling stage. In the field experiment with normal N supply, the grain yield of overexpression of  TaLAMP1-3B  is significantly reduced (14.5%), and the knockdown of  TaLAMP1  was significantly reduced (15.5%). The grain number per spike of overexpression of  TaLAMP1-3B  was significantly increased (7.2%), but the spike number was significantly reduced (19.2%) compared with wild type (WT), although the grain number per spike of knockdown of  TaLAMP1  was significantly decreased (15.3%), with no difference in the spike number compared with WT. Combined with the agronomic data from the field experiment of normal N and low N, both overexpression and knockdown of  TaLAMP1  inhibited yield response to N fertilizer. Overexpressing  TaLAMP1-3B  greatly increased grain N concentration with no significant detrimental effect on grain yield under low N conditions; TaLAMP1-3  B  is therefore valuable in engineering wheat for low input agriculture. These results suggested that  TaLAMP1  is critical for wheat adaptation to N availability and in shaping plant architecture by regulating spike number per plant and grain number per spike. Optimizing  TaLAMP1  expression may facilitate wheat breeding with improved yield, grain N concentration, and yield responses to N fertilizer.

TaLAMP1 Plays Key Roles in Plant Architecture and Yield Response to Nitrogen Fertilizer in Wheat