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The salt overly sensitive (SOS) signal transduction pathway is one of the most highly studied salt tolerance pathways in plants. However, the molecular mechanism of the salt stress response in  Tamarix hispida  has remained largely unclear. In this study, five  SOS  genes ( ThSOS1 – ThSOS5 ) from  T. hispida  were cloned and characterized. The expression levels of most  ThSOS  genes significantly changed after NaCl, PEG 6000 , and abscisic acid (ABA) treatment in at least one organ. Notably, the expression of  ThSOS3  was significantly downregulated after 6 h under salt stress. To further analyze  ThSOS3  function,  ThSOS3  overexpression and RNAi-mediated silencing were performed using a transient transformation system. Compared with controls,  ThSOS3 -overexpressing transgenic  T. hispida  plants exhibited greater reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging capability and antioxidant enzyme activity, lower malondialdehyde (MDA) and H 2 O 2  levels, and lower electrolyte leakage rates under salt stress. Similar results were obtained for physiological parameters in transgenic Arabidopsis, including H 2 O 2  and MDA accumulation, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activity, and electrolyte leakage. In addition, transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing  ThSOS3  displayed increased root growth and fresh weight gain under salt stress. Together, these data suggest that overexpression of  ThSOS3  confers salt stress tolerance on plants by enhancing antioxidant enzyme activity, improving ROS-scavenging capability, and decreasing the MDA content and lipid peroxidation of cell membranes. These results suggest that  ThSOS3  might play an important physiological role in salt tolerance in transgenic  T. hispida  plants. This study provides a foundation for further elucidation of salt tolerance mechanisms involving  ThSOS s in  T. hispida .

The ThSOS3 Gene Improves the Salt Tolerance of Transgenic Tamarix hispida and Arabidopsis thaliana