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Plants may maintain long-term xylem function via efficiency-safety tradeoff and segmentation. Most studies focus on the growing season and community level. We studied species with different efficiency-safety tradeoff strategies,  Quercus acutissima ,  Robinia pseudoacacia ,  Vitex negundo  var.  heterophylla , and  Rhus typhina , to determine the seasonality of this mechanism. We separated their branches into perennial shoots and terminal twigs and monitored their midday water potential (Ψ md ), relative water content (RWC), stem-specific hydraulic conductivity (K s ), loss of 12, 50, and 88% of maximum efficiency (i.e., P 12 , P 50 , P 88 ) for 2 years. There were no correlations between water relations (Ψ md , RWC, K s ) and embolism resistance traits (P 12 , P 50 , P 88 ) but they significantly differed between the perennial shoots and terminal twigs. All species had weak annual hydraulic efficiency-safety tradeoff but strong segmentation between the perennial shoots and the terminal twigs.  R. pseudoacacia  used a high-efficiency, low-safety strategy, whereas  R. typhina  used a high-safety, low-efficiency strategy.  Q. acutissima  and  V. negundo  var.  heterophylla  alternated these strategies. This mechanism provides a potential basis for habitat partitioning and niche divergence in the changing warm temperate zone environment.

Weak Tradeoff and Strong Segmentation Among Plant Hydraulic Traits During Seasonal Variation in Four Woody Species