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Plants intensely modulate respiration when pathogens attack, but the function of mitochondrial respiration-related genes in plant–bacteria interaction is largely unclear. Here, the functions of α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (α -kGDH ) E2 subunit and alternative oxidase ( AOX ) were investigated in the interaction between tomato and the virulent bacterial pathogen  Pseudomonas syringae  pv.  tomato  DC3000 ( Pst ).  Pst  inoculation suppressed the transcript abundance of α -kGDH E2 , but enhanced  AOX  expression and salicylic acid (SA) accumulation. Gene silencing and transient overexpression approaches revealed that plant susceptibility to  Pst  was significantly reduced by silencing α -kGDH E2  in tomato, but increased by overexpressing α -kGDH E2  in  Nicotiana benthamiana , whereas silencing or overexpressing of  AOX1a  did not affect plant defense. Moreover, silencing octanoyltransferase ( LIP2 ), engaged in the lipoylation of α-kGDH E2, significantly reduced disease susceptibility and hydrogen peroxide accumulation. Use of transgenic NahG tomato plants that cannot accumulate SA as well as the exogenous SA application experiment evidenced that α-kGDH E2 acts downstream of SA defense pathway. These results demonstrate tomato α -kGDH E2  plays a negative role in plant basal defense against  Pst  in an AOX-independent pathway but was associated with lipoylation and SA defense pathways. The findings help to elucidate the mechanisms of mitochondria-involved plant basal immunity.

An Essential Role of Mitochondrial α-Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase E2 in the Basal Immune Response Against Bacterial Pathogens in Tomato