English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Application of plant growth promoting bacteria may induce plant salt stress tolerance, however the underpinning microbial and plant mechanisms remain poorly understood. In the present study, the specific role of phenazine production by rhizosphere-colonizing  Pseudomonas  in mediating the inhibitory effects of salinity on wheat seed germination and seedling growth in four different varieties was investigated using  Pseudomonas chlororaphis  30-84 (wild type) and isogenic derivatives deficient or enhanced in phenazine production. The results showed that varieties differed in how they responded to the salt stress treatment and the benefits derived from colonization by  P. chlororaphis  30-84. In all varieties, the salt stress treatment significantly reduced seed germination, and in seedlings, reduced relative water content, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in leaves, and in three of four varieties, reduced shoot and root production compared to the no salt stress treatment. Inoculation of seeds with  Pseudomonas chlororaphis  30-84 wild type or derivatives promoted salt-stress tolerance in seedlings of the four commercial winter wheat varieties tested, but the salt-stress tolerance phenotype was not entirely due to phenazine production. For example, all  P. chlororaphis  derivatives (including the phenazine-producing mutant) significantly improved relative water content in two varieties, Iba and CV 1, for which the salt stress treatment had a large impact. Importantly, all  P. chlororaphis  derivatives enabled the salt inhibited wheat varieties studied to maintain above ground productivity in saline conditions. However, only phenazine-producing derivatives enhanced the shoot or root growth of seedlings of all varieties under nonsaline conditions. Notably, ROS accumulation was reduced, and antioxidant enzyme (catalase) activity enhanced in the leaves of seedlings grown in saline conditions that were seed-treated with phenazine-producing  P. chlororaphis  derivatives as compared to noninoculated seedlings. The results demonstrate the capacity of  P. chlororaphis  to improve salt tolerance in wheat seedlings by promoting plant growth and reducing osmotic stress and a role for bacterial phenazine production in reducing redox stress.

Phenazine-Producing Rhizobacteria Promote Plant Growth and Reduce Redox and Osmotic Stress in Wheat Seedlings Under Saline Conditions