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Hyperaccumulators are the preferred materials for phytoremediation.  Sedum alfredii  Hance is a cadmium (Cd) hyperaccumulator plant in China, although its detoxification mechanism remains unresolved. In our study, we cloned a gene belonging to the plant cadmium resistance ( PCR ) family, named  SaPCR2 , from the hyperaccumulating ecotype (HE) of  S. alfredii . Sequence analysis indicated that  SaPCR2  contained a cysteine-rich domain highly conserved in the  PCR  family and played an important role in Cd detoxification. Based on the relative quantitative results,  SaPCR2  was highly expressed in the roots of HE  S. alfredii , but not the shoots and Cd exposure did not significantly affect  SaPCR2  expression. In contrast, the expression level of  SaPCR2  was very low in plants of its non-hyperaccumulating ecotype (NHE). The subcellular localization of SaPCR2 in tobacco leaves and yeasts showed that SaPCR2 was localized on the plasma membrane and the expression of the SaPCR2 protein in a Zn/Cd-sensitive yeast Δ zrc1  significantly increased its tolerance to Cd stress by decreasing the Cd content in cells. Heterologous expression of  SaPCR2  in plants of both  Arabidopsis thaliana  and NHE  S. alfredii  significantly reduced the Cd levels in the roots, but not in the shoots. These results suggest that the overexpression of  SaPCR2  in plants provides a route for Cd leak out of the root cells and protects the root cells against phytotoxicity of Cd stress. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of transporter-mediated root efflux of Cd in hyperaccumulator  S. alfredii .

Plant Cadmium Resistance 2 (SaPCR2) Facilitates Cadmium Efflux in the Roots of Hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii Hance