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Potassium transporters play an essential role in maintaining cellular ion homeostasis, turgor pressure, and pH, which are critical for adaptation under salt stress. We identified a salt responsive  Avicennia officinalis  KUP/HAK/KT transporter family gene,  AoKUP2 , which has high sequence similarity to its  Arabidopsis  ortholog  AtKUP2 . These genes were functionally characterized in mutant yeast cells and  Arabidopsis  plants. Both  AoKUP2  and  AtKUP2  were induced by salt stress, and  AtKUP2  was primarily induced in roots. Subcellular localization revealed that AoKUP2 and AtKUP2 are localized to the plasma membrane and mitochondria. Expression of  AtKUP2  and  AoKUP2  in  Saccharomyces cerevisiae  mutant strain (BY4741  trk1 Δ ::loxP trk2 Δ ::loxP ) helped to rescue the growth defect of the mutant under different NaCl and K +  concentrations. Furthermore, constitutive expression of  AoKUP2  and  AtKUP2  conferred enhanced salt tolerance in  Arabidopsis  indicated by higher germination rate, better survival, and increased root and shoot length compared to the untreated controls. Analysis of Na +  and K +  contents in the shoots and roots showed that ectopic expression lines accumulated less Na +  and more K +  than the WT. Two stress-responsive transcription factors, bHLH122 and WRKY33, were identified as direct regulators of  AtKUP2  expression. Our results suggest that AtKUP2 plays a key role in enhancing salt stress tolerance by maintaining cellular ion homeostasis.

Regulation of AtKUP2 Expression by bHLH and WRKY Transcription Factors Helps to Confer Increased Salt Tolerance to Arabidopsis thaliana Plants