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Thinopyrum ponticum  (2 n  = 10 x  = 70), a member of the tertiary gene pool of wheat ( Triticum aestivum  L.), harbors many biotic and abiotic stress resistance genes. CH10A5, a novel disomic substitution line from a cross of  T. aestivum  cv. 7182 and  Th. ponticum , was characterized by cytogenetic identification,  in situ  hybridization, molecular marker analysis, and morphological investigation of agronomic traits and disease resistance. Cytological observations showed that CH10A5 contained 42 chromosomes and formed 21 bivalents at meiotic metaphase I. Genome  in situ  hybridization (GISH) analysis indicated that two of its chromosomes came from the J s  genome of  Th. ponticum , and wheat 15K array mapping and fluorescence  in situ  hybridization (FISH) revealed that chromosome 1D was absent from CH10A5. Polymorphic analysis of molecular markers indicated that the pair of alien chromosomes belonged to homoeologous group one, designated as 1J s . Thus, CH10A5 was a wheat– Th. ponticum  1J s  (1D) disomic substitution line. Field disease resistance trials demonstrated that the introduced  Th. ponticum  chromosome 1J s  was probably responsible for resistance to both stripe rust and powdery mildew at the adult stage. Based on specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq), 507 STS molecular markers were developed to distinguish chromosome 1J s  genetic material from that of wheat. Of these, 49 STS markers could be used to specifically identify the genetic material of  Th. ponticum . CH10A5 will increase the resistance gene diversity of wheat breeding materials, and the markers developed here will permit further tracing of heterosomal chromosome fragments in the future.

frontiers in plant science

Cytogenetic Analysis and Molecular Marker Development for a New Wheat–Thinopyrum ponticum 1Js (1D) Disomic Substitution Line With Resistance to Stripe Rust and Powdery Mildew