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This study presents a novel three-dimensional (3D) tool “3D  in vitro  choice” for chemotaxis assays with cyst nematodes. The original 3D  in vitro  choice was customized through digital printing. Freshly hatched second stage juveniles (J2s) of the cyst nematode  Globodera pallida  were used as the nematode model to illustrate chemo-orientation behavior in the 3D system. The efficiency and reliability of the 3D  in vitro  choice were validated with 2% Phytagel as navigation medium, in three biological assays and using tomato root exudates or potato root border cells and their associated mucilage as a positive attractant as compared with water. For each biological assay, J2s were hatched from the same population of a single generation glasshouse-cultured cysts. This novel easy to use and low-cost 3d-device could be a useful replacement to Petri dishes assays in nematode behavioral studies due to the ease of deposition of nematodes and test substances, coupled with its distinctive zones that allow for precision in choice making by the nematodes.

A Novel In Vitro Tool to Study Cyst Nematode Chemotaxis