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The present study reveals contrasting responses of photosynthesis to salt stress in two C 4  species: a glycophyte  Setaria viridis  ( SV ) and a halophyte  Spartina alterniflora  ( SA ). Specifically, the effect of short-term salt stress treatment on the photosynthetic CO 2  uptake and electron transport were investigated in  SV  and its salt-tolerant close relative  SA . In this experiment, at the beginning, plants were grown in soil then were exposed to salt stress under hydroponic conditions for two weeks.  SV  demonstrated a much higher susceptibility to salt stress than  SA ; while,  SV  was incapable to survive subjected to about 100 mM,  SA  can tolerate salt concentrations up to 550 mM with slight effect on photosynthetic CO 2  uptake rates and electrons transport chain conductance ( g ETC  ). Regardless the oxygen concentration used, our results show an enhancement in the P 700  oxidation with increasing O 2  concentration for SV following NaCl treatment and almost no change for SA. We also observed an activation of the cyclic NDH-dependent pathway in  SV  by about 2.36 times upon exposure to 50 mM NaCl for 12 days (d); however, its activity in  SA  drops by about 25% compared to the control without salt treatment. Using PTOX inhibitor ( n-PG ) and that of the Q o -binding site of Cytb 6 /f (DBMIB), at two O 2  levels (2 and 21%), to restrict electrons flow towards PSI, we successfully revealed the presence of a possible PTOX activity under salt stress for  SA  but not for  SV . However, by q-PCR and western-blot analysis, we showed an increase in PTOX amount by about 3–4 times for  SA  under salt stress but not or very less for  SV . Overall, this study provides strong proof for the existence of PTOX as an alternative electron pathway in C 4  species ( SA ), which might play more than a photoprotective role under salt stress.

Contrasting Responses of Plastid Terminal Oxidase Activity Under Salt Stress in Two C4 Species With Different Salt Tolerance