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The lower regeneration rate of wheat calli is the main factor restricting the development of transgenic wheat plants. Therefore, improving the regeneration rate of wheat callus is a precondition for developing genetic engineering-based wheat breeding approaches. In the present study, we explored the molecular mechanism of wheat regeneration and aimed to establish an efficient system for transgenic wheat. We isolated and identified a regeneration-related gene,  TaTCP-1  (KC808517), from wheat cultivar Lunxuan 987. Sequence analysis revealed that the ORF of  TaTCP-1  was 1623bp long encoding 540 amino acids. The  TaTCP-1  gene was expressed in various wheat tissues. Further, the level of  TaTCP-1  expression was higher in calli and increased gradually with increasing callus induction time, reaching a peak on the 11th day after induction. Moreover, the expression level of  TaTCP-1  was higher in embryogenic calli than in non-embryonic calli. The TaTCP-1 protein was localized to the nucleus, cytoplasm, and cell membrane. The callus regeneration rate of wheat plants transformed with TaTCP-1-RNAi reduced by 85.09%. In contrast, it increased by 14.43% in plants overexpressing  TaTCP-1 . In conclusion, our results showed that  TaTCP-1  played a vital role in promoting wheat regeneration, and regulated the somatic embryogenesis of wheat. These results may have implications in the genetic engineering of wheat for improved wheat production.

TaTCP-1, a Novel Regeneration-Related Gene Involved in the Molecular Regulation of Somatic Embryogenesis in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)