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Drought is a critical environmental stress that limits growth and development of plants and reduces crop productivity. The aerial part of land plants is covered with cuticular waxes to minimize water loss. To understand the regulatory mechanisms underlying cuticular wax biosynthesis in  Arabidopsis  under drought stress conditions, we characterized the role of an AP2/DREB type transcription factor, RAP2.4.  RAP2.4  expression was detected in one-week-old seedlings and rosette leaves, stems, stem epidermis, cauline leaves, buds, flowers, and siliques of 6-week-old  Arabidopsis . The levels of  RAP2.4  transcripts increased with treatments of abscisic acid (ABA), mannitol, NaCl, and drought stress. Under drought, total wax loads decreased by approximately 11% and 10%, and in particular, the levels of alkanes, which are a major wax component, decreased by approximately 11% and 12% in  rap2.4-1  and  rap2.4-2  leaves, respectively, compared with wild type (WT) leaves. Moreover, the transcript levels of cuticular wax biosynthetic genes,  KCS2  and  CER1 , decreased by approximately 15–23% and 32–40% in  rap2.4-1  and  rap2.4-2  leaves, respectively, relative to WT 4 h after drought treatment, but increased by 2- to 12-fold and 3- to 70-fold, respectively, in three independent  RAP2.4  OX leaves relative to WT. Epicuticular wax crystals were observed on the leaves of  RAP2.4  OX plants, but not on the leaves of WT. Total wax loads increased by 1.5- to 3.3-fold in leaves of  RAP2.4  OX plants relative to WT. Cuticular transpiration and chlorophyll leaching occurred slowly in the leaves of  RAP2.4  OX plants relative to WT. Transcriptional activation assay in tobacco protoplasts showed that RAP2.4 activates the expression of  KCS2  and  CER1  through the involvement of the consensus CCGAC or GCC motifs present in the  KCS2  and  CER1  promoter regions. Overall, our results revealed that RAP2.4 is a transcription factor that activates cuticular wax biosynthesis in  Arabidopsis  leaves under drought stress conditions.

AP2/DREB Transcription Factor RAP2.4 Activates Cuticular Wax Biosynthesis in Arabidopsis Leaves Under Drought