English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Humic-like substances (HLSs) isolated by alkaline oxidative hydrolysis from lignin-rich agro-industrial residues have been shown to exert biostimulant activity toward maize ( Zea mays  L.) germination and early growth. The definition of a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) between HLS and their bioactivity could be useful to predict their biological properties and tailor plant biostimulants for specific agronomic and industrial uses. Here, we created several projection on latent structure (PLS) regression by using published analytical data on the molecular composition of lignin-derived HLS obtained by both  13 C-CPMAS-NMR spectra directly on samples and  31 P-NMR spectra after derivatization of hydroxyl functions with a P-containing reagent (2-chloro-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane). These spectral data were used to model the effect of HLS on the elongation of primary root, lateral seminal roots, total root apparatus, and coleoptile of maize. The  13 C-CPMAS-NMR data suggested that methoxyl and aromatic moieties positively affected plant growth, while the carboxyl/esterified functions showed a negative impact on the overall seedling development. Alkyl C seems to promote Col elongation while concomitantly reducing that of the root system. Additionally,  31 P-NMR-derived spectra revealed that the elongation of roots and Col were enhanced by the occurrence of aliphatic hydroxyl groups, and guaiacyl and  p -Hydroxyphenyl lignin monomers. The PLS models based on raw dataset from  13 C-CPMAS-NMR spectra explained more than 74% of the variance for the length of lateral seminal roots, total root system and coleoptile, while other parameters derived from  13 C-CPMAS-NMR spectra, namely the Hydrophobicity and Hydrophilicity of materials were necessary to explain 83% of the variance of the primary root length. The results from  31 P-NMR spectra explained the observed biological variance by 90, 96, 96, and 93% for the length of primary root, lateral seminal roots, total root system and coleoptile, respectively. This work shows that different NMR spectroscopy techniques can be used to build up PLS models which can predict the bioactivity of lignin-derived HLS toward early growth of maize plants. The established QSAR may also be exploited to enhance by chemical techniques the bioactive properties of HLS and enhance their plant stimulation capacity.

Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship of Humic-Like Biostimulants Derived From Agro-Industrial Byproducts and Energy Crops