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Xanthomonas  species,  Pseudomonas syringae  and  Ralstonia  species are bacterial plant pathogens that cause significant yield loss in many crop species. Generating disease-resistant crop varieties can provide a more sustainable solution to control yield loss compared to chemical methods. Plant immune receptors encoded by nucleotide−binding, leucine−rich repeat (NLR) genes typically confer resistance to pathogens that produce a cognate elicitor, often an effector protein secreted by the pathogen to promote virulence. The diverse sequence and presence/absence variation of pathogen effector proteins within and between pathogen species usually limits the utility of a single NLR gene to protecting a plant from a single pathogen species or particular strains. The NLR protein Recognition of XopQ 1 (Roq1) was recently identified from the plant  Nicotiana benthamiana  and mediates perception of the effector proteins XopQ and HopQ1 from  Xanthomonas  and  P. syringae  respectively. Unlike most recognized effectors, alleles of XopQ/HopQ1 are highly conserved and present in most plant pathogenic strains of  Xanthomonas  and  P. syringae . A homolog of XopQ/HopQ1, named RipB, is present in most  Ralstonia  strains. We found that Roq1 confers immunity to  Xanthomonas ,  P. syringae , and  Ralstonia  when expressed in tomato. Strong resistance to  Xanthomonas perforans  was observed in three seasons of field trials with both natural and artificial inoculation. The  Roq1  gene can therefore be used to provide safe, economical, and effective control of these pathogens in tomato and other crop species and reduce or eliminate the need for traditional chemical controls.

The Immune Receptor Roq1 Confers Resistance to the Bacterial Pathogens Xanthomonas, Pseudomonas syringae, and Ralstonia in Tomato