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An excess of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can cause severe oxidative damage to cellular components in photosynthetic cells. Antioxidant systems, such as the glutathione (GSH) pools, regulate redox status in cells to guard against such damage. Dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR, EC 1.8.5.1) catalyzes the glutathione-dependent reduction of oxidized ascorbate (dehydroascorbate) and contains a redox active site and glutathione binding-site. The  DHAR  gene is important in biological and abiotic stress responses involving reduction of the oxidative damage caused by ROS. In this study, transgenic  Synechococcus elongatus  PCC 7942 (TA) was constructed by cloning the  Oryza sativa  L.  japonica DHAR  ( OsDHAR ) gene controlled by an isopropyl β- D -1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG)-inducible promoter ( Ptrc ) into the cyanobacterium to study the functional activities of  OsDHAR  under oxidative stress caused by hydrogen peroxide exposure.  OsDHAR  expression increased the growth of  S. elongatus  PCC 7942 under oxidative stress by reducing the levels of hydroperoxides and malondialdehyde (MDA) and mitigating the loss of chlorophyll. DHAR and glutathione  S -transferase activity were higher than in the wild-type  S. elongatus  PCC 7942 (WT). Additionally, overexpression of  OsDHAR  in  S. elongatus  PCC 7942 greatly increased the glutathione (GSH)/glutathione disulfide (GSSG) ratio in the presence or absence of hydrogen peroxide. These results strongly suggest that  DHAR  attenuates deleterious oxidative effects via the glutathione (GSH)-dependent antioxidant system in cyanobacterial cells. The expression of heterologous  OsDHAR  in  S. elongatus  PCC 7942 protected cells from oxidative damage through a GSH-dependent antioxidant system via GSH-dependent reactions at the redox active site and GSH binding site residues during oxidative stress.

frontiers in plant science

Expression of Heterologous OsDHAR Gene Improves Glutathione (GSH)-Dependent Antioxidant System and Maintenance of Cellular Redox Status in Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942