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Fruit set and development occur following successful fertilization. Parthenocarpy, a valuable trait in some self-incompatible species, produces seedless fruit without fertilization. Gibberellin (GA) is a crucial hormone in fruit-set regulation and development. While investigating the development of parthenocarpy in pear ( Pyrus bretschneideri  Rehd.), we determined that GA 20-oxidases (GA20ox) may play key roles in seedless pear fruit development. Sequence analysis revealed three  PbGA20ox  genes:  PbGA20ox1, PbGA20ox2 , and  PbGA20ox3 . We analyzed the expression patterns of candidate genes and found that  PbGA20ox2  levels significantly changed in pollinated fruits. Tissue-specific expression assays revealed that  PbGA20ox2  is highly expressed in young fruit and leaves. Subcellular localization assays showed it was located in the cytoplasm, nucleus, and plasma membrane. Overexpressed  PbGA20ox2  tomato plants were taller and had longer hypocotyls and internodes, and the emasculated flowers produced parthenocarpic fruit. In pear, the transient overexpression of  PbGA20ox2  promoted fruit development and delayed the drop of nonpollinated fruit. Furthermore, the fruit of  PbGA20ox2- overexpressing tomato and transient  PbGA20ox2- overexpressing pear had increased GA 4  (but not GA 3  and GA 1 ) contents. This result provided evidence that  PbGA20ox2  was necessary for GA 4 -dependent pear fruit development. Our study revealed that  PbGA20ox2  altered the GA biosynthetic pathway and enhanced GA 4  synthesis, thereby promoting fruit set and parthenocarpic fruit development.

PbGA20ox2 Regulates Fruit Set and Induces Parthenocarpy by Enhancing GA4 Content