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Maize ( Zea mays ) is a major cereal crop that originated at low latitudes, and thus photoperiod sensitivity is an important barrier to the use of tropical/subtropical germplasm in temperate regions. However, studies of the mechanisms underlying circadian regulation in maize are at an early stage. In this study we cloned  ZmCCA1a  on chromosome 10 of maize by map-based cloning. The gene is homologous to the Myb transcription factor genes  AtCCA1 / AtLHY  in  Arabidopsis thaliana ; the deduced Myb domain of ZmCCA1a showed high similarity with that of AtCCA1/AtLHY and ZmCCA1b. Transiently or constitutively expressed ZmCCA1a-YFPs were localized to nuclei of  Arabidopsis  mesophyll protoplasts, agroinfiltrated tobacco leaves, and leaf and root cells of transgenic seedlings of  Arabidopsis thaliana . Unlike AtCCA1/AtLHY, ZmCCA1a did not form homodimers nor interact with ZmCCA1b. Transcripts of  ZmCCA1a  showed circadian rhythm with peak expression around sunrise in maize inbred lines CML288 (photoperiod sensitive) and Huangzao 4 (HZ4; photoperiod insensitive). Under short days, transcription of  ZmCCA1a  in CML288 and HZ4 was repressed compared with that under long days, whereas the effect of photoperiod on  ZmCCA1a  expression was moderate in HZ4. In  ZmCCA1a- overexpressing  A. thaliana  ( ZmCCA1a-ox ) lines, the circadian rhythm was disrupted under constant light and flowering was delayed under long days, but the hypocotyl length was not affected. In addition, expression of endogenous  AtCCA1/AtLHY  and the downstream genes  AtGI ,  AtCO , and  AtFt  was repressed in  ZmCCA1a-ox  seedlings. The present results suggest that the function of  ZmCCA1a  is similar, at least in part, to that of  AtCCA1/AtLHY  and  ZmCCA1b , implying that  ZmCCA1a  is likely to be an important component of the circadian clock pathway in maize.

ZmCCA1a on Chromosome 10 of Maize Delays Flowering of Arabidopsis thaliana