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Double-flower  Eriobotrya japonica , of which one phenotype is homeotic transformation of sepals into petals, is a new germplasm for revealing the molecular mechanisms underlying the floral organ transformation. Herein, we analyzed the sequence, expression pattern and functional characterization of  EjPI , which encoded a B-class floral homeotic protein referred to as  PISTILLATA  ortholog, from genetically cognate single-flower and double-flower  E. japonica . Phylogenetic analysis suggested that the  EjPI  gene was assigned to the rosids PI/GLO lineage. Analysis of protein sequence alignments showed that EjPI has typical domains of M, I, K, and C, and includes a distinctive PI motif at the C-terminal region. Compared with asterids PI/GLO lineage, the K1 and K3 subdomains of EjPI both contain a single amino acid difference. Subcellular localization of EjPI was determined to be in the nucleus. Expression pattern analysis revealed that  EjPI  expressed not only in petals, filament, and anther in single-flower  E. japonica , but also in petaloid sepals in double-flower  E. japonica . Meanwhile, there were high correlation between  EjPI  transcript level and petaloid area within a sepal. Furthermore, 35S:: EjPI  transgenic wild-type Arabidopsis caused the homeotic transformation of the first whorl sepals into petaloid sepals. Ectopic expression of  EjPI  in transgenic  pi-1  mutant Arabidopsis rescued normal petals and stamens. These results suggest expression pattern of  EjPI  is associated with the formation of petaloid sepal. Our study provides the potential application of  EjPI  for biotechnical engineering to create petaloid sepals or regulate floral organ identity in angiosperms.

frontiers in plant science

Expression Pattern and Functional Characterization of PISTILLATA Ortholog Associated With the Formation of Petaloid Sepals in Double-Flower Eriobotrya japonica (Rosaceae)