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A previous complementary cDNA-amplified fragment length polymorphism (cDNA-AFLP) analysis examined responses to the powdery mildew pathogen  Oidium neolycopersici  ( On ) of the resistant cultivar  Solanum habrochiates  G1.1560, carrying the  Ol-1  resistance gene, and susceptible cultivar  S. lycopersicum  Moneymaker (MM). Among other findings, a differentially expressed transcript-derived fragment (DE-TDF) (M14E72-213) was upregulated in near isogenic line (NIL)- Ol-1 , but absent in MM. This DE-TDF showed high homology to a gene of unknown function, which we named  ShORR-1  ( Solanum habrochaites Oidium Resistance Required-1 ). However, MM homolog of  ShORR-1  (named  ShORR-1-M ) was still found with 95.26% nucleic acid sequence similarity to  ShORR-1  from G1.1560 (named  ShORR-1-G ); this was because the cut sites of restriction enzymes in the previous complementary cDNA-AFLP analysis was absent in  ShORR-1-M  and differs at 13 amino acids from  ShORR-1-G . Transient expression in onion epidermal cells showed that ShORR-1 is a membrane-localized protein. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of  ShORR-1-G  in G1.1560 plants increased susceptibility to  On . Furthermore, overexpressing of  ShORR-1-G  conferred MM with resistance to  On , involving extensive hydrogen peroxide accumulation and formation of abnormal haustoria. Knockdown of  ShORR-1-M  in MM did not affect its susceptibility to  On , while overexpressing of  ShORR-1-M  enhanced MM’s susceptibility to  On . We also found that changes in transcript levels of six well-known hormone signaling and defense-related genes are involved in  ShORR-1-G -mediated resistance to  On . The results indicate that  ShORR-1-M  and  ShORR-1-G  have antagonistic effects in tomato responses to  On , and that  ShORR-1  is essential for  Ol-1 -mediated resistance in tomato.

ShORR-1, a Novel Tomato Gene, Confers Enhanced Host Resistance to Oidium neolycopersici