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Transcription factors (TFs) and transcriptional regulators are important switches in transcriptional networks. In recent years, the transcriptional regulator TIE1 (TCP interactor containing EAR motif protein 1) was identified as a nuclear transcriptional repressor which regulates leaf development and controls branch development. However, the function and regulatory network of  GhTIE1  has not been studied in cotton. Here, we demonstrated that  GhTIE1  is functionally conserved in controlling shoot branching in cotton and  Arabidopsis . Overexpression of  GhTIE1  in  Arabidopsis  leads to higher bud vigor and more branches, while silencing  GhTIE1  in cotton reduced bud activity and increased branching inhibition. Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays showed that GhTIE1 directly interacted with subclass II TCPs (GhBRC1, GhBRC2, and GhTCP13)  in vivo  and  in vitro . Overexpression of  GhBRC1 ,  GhBRC2 , and  GhTCP13  in mutant  brc1 -2 partially rescued the mutant phenotype and decreased the number of branches, showing that these TCPs are functionally redundant in controlling branching. A transient dual-luciferase reporter assay indicated that GhTIE1 repressed the protein activity of GhBRC1 and GhTCP13, and thereby decreased the expression of their target gene  GhHB21 . Gene expression level analysis in  GhTIE1 -overexpressed and silenced plants also proved that  GhTIE1  regulated shoot branching  via  repressing the activity of  BRC1 ,  HB21 ,  HB40 , and  HB53 . Our data reveals that shoot branching can be controlled  via  modulation of the activity of the  TIE1  and  TCP  proteins and provides a theoretical basis for cultivating cotton varieties with ideal plant types.

GhTIE1 Regulates Branching Through Modulating the Transcriptional Activity of TCPs in Cotton and Arabidopsis