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Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades play central roles in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the mechanisms by which various MAPK members regulate the plant immune response in rice remain elusive. In this article, to characterize the mechanisms, the knock-out and overexpression mutants of  OsMPK15  were constructed and the disease resistance was investigated under the various fungal and bacterial inoculations. The knock-out mutant of  OsMPK15  resulted in the constitutive expression of pathogenesis-related ( PR ) genes, increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) triggered by the pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) elicitor chitin, and significantly enhanced the disease resistance to different races of  Magnaporthe oryzae  and  Xanthomonas oryzae  pv.  oryzae  ( Xoo ), which cause the rice blast and bacterial blight diseases, respectively. On contrary, the expression of  PR  genes and ROS were down-regulated in the  OsMPK15 -overexpressing (OsMPK15-OE) lines. Meanwhile, phytohormones such as salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) were accumulated in the  mpk15  mutant lines but decreased in the OsMPK15-OE lines. The expression of SA- and JA-pathway associated genes were significantly upregulated in the  mpk15  mutant, whereas it was down regulated in the OsMPK15-OE lines. We conclude that  OsMPK15  may negatively regulate the disease resistance through modulating SA- and JA-mediated signaling pathway.

The OsMPK15 Negatively Regulates Magnaporthe oryza and Xoo Disease Resistance via SA and JA Signaling Pathway in Rice