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Germin-like proteins (GLPs) are water-soluble plant glycoproteins belonging to the cupin superfamily. The important role of GLPs in plant responses against various abiotic and biotic stresses, especially pathogens, is well validated. However, little is known about cotton GLPs in relation to fungal pathogens. Here, a novel GLP gene was isolated from  Gossypium hirsutum  and designated as  GhABP19 . The expression of  GhABP19  was upregulated in cotton plants inoculated with  Verticillium dahliae  and  Fusarium oxysporum  and in response to treatment with jasmonic acid (JA) but was suppressed in response to salicylic acid treatment. A relatively small transient increase in  GhABP19  was seen in H 2 O 2  treated samples. The three-dimensional structure prediction of the GhABP19 protein indicated that the protein has three histidine and one glutamate residues responsible for metal ion binding and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Purified recombinant GhABP19 exhibits SOD activity and could inhibit growth of  V. dahliae ,  F. oxysporum ,  Rhizoctonia solani ,  Botrytis cinerea , and  Valsa mali in vitro . To further verify the role of  GhABP19  in fungal resistance,  GhABP19 -overexpressing  Arabidopsis  plants and  GhABP19 -silenced cotton plants were developed. GhABP19-transgenic  Arabidopsis  lines showed much stronger resistance to  V. dahliae  and  F. oxysporum  infection than control (empty vector) plants did. On the contrary, silencing of  GhABP19  in cotton conferred enhanced susceptibility to fungal pathogens, which resulted in necrosis and wilt on leaves and vascular discoloration in  GhABP19 -silenced cotton plants. The H 2 O 2  content and endogenous SOD activity were affected by  GhABP19  expression levels in  Arabidopsis  and cotton plants after inoculation with  V. dahliae  and  F. oxysporum , respectively. Furthermore,  GhABP19  overexpression or silencing resulted in activation or suppression of JA-mediated signaling, respectively. Thus, GhABP19 plays important roles in the regulation of resistance to verticillium and fusarium wilt in plants. These modulatory roles were exerted by its SOD activity and ability to activate the JA pathway. All results suggest that  GhABP19  was involved in plant disease resistance.

frontiers in plant science

GhABP19, a Novel Germin-Like Protein From Gossypium hirsutum, Plays an Important Role in the Regulation of Resistance to Verticillium and Fusarium Wilt Pathogens