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Plant growth is strictly controlled by cell division, elongation, and differentiation for which adequate supplies of intracellular ATP are required. However, it is unclear how changes in the amount of intracellular ATP affect cell division and growth. To reveal the specific pathway dependent on ATP concentration, we performed analyses on the  Arabidopsis  mitochondria mutation  sd3 . The mutant is tiny, a result of a low amount of ATP caused by the disruption of Tim21, a subunit of the TIM23 protein complex localized in the inner membrane of the mitochondria. Loss of function of  suppressor of gamma response 1  ( SOG1 ) also restored the dwarf phenotype of wild type treated with antimycin A, a blocker of ATP synthesis in mitochondria. The  sd3  phenotype is partially restored by the introduction of  sog1, suppressor of gamma response 1 , and  kin10 / kin11 , subunits of Snf1-related kinase 1 (SnRK1). Additionally, SOG1 interacted with SnRK1, and was modified by phosphorylation  in planta  only after treatment with antimycin A. Transcripts of several negative regulators of the endocycle were up-regulated in the  sd3  mutant, and this high expression was not observed in  sd3sog1  and  sd3kin11 . We suggest that there is a novel regulatory mechanism for the control of plant cell cycle involving SnRK1 and SOG1, which is induced by low amounts of intracellular ATP, and controls plant development.

frontiers in plant science

SnRK1 Kinase and the NAC Transcription Factor SOG1 Are Components of a Novel Signaling Pathway Mediating the Low Energy Response Triggered by ATP Depletion