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Cabbage hybrids, which clearly present heterosis vigor, are widely used in agricultural production. We compared two  S5  haplotype (Class II) cabbage inbred-lines 87–534 and 94–182: the former is highly SC while the latter is highly SI; sequence analysis of SI-related genes including  SCR ,  SRK ,  ARC1 ,  THL1 , and  MLPK  indicates the some SNPs in  ARC1  and  SRK  of 87–534; semi-quantitative analysis indicated that the SI-related genes were transcribed normally from DNA to mRNA. To unravel the genetic basis of SC, we performed whole-genome mapping of the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) governing self-compatibility using an F 2  population derived from 87–534 × 96–100. Eight QTLs were detected, and high contribution rates (CRs) were observed for three QTLs:  qSC7.2  (54.8%),  qSC9.1  (14.1%) and  qSC5.1  (11.2%). 06–88 (CB201 × 96–100) yielded an excellent hybrid. However, F 1  seeds cannot be produced at the anthesis stage because the parents share the same  S- haplotype ( S57 , class I). To overcome crossing incompatibility, we performed rapid introgression of the self-compatibility trait from 87–534 to 96–100 using two self-compatibility-QTL-specific markers, BoID0709 and BoID0992, as well as 36 genome-wide markers that were evenly distributed along nine chromosomes for background analysis in recurrent back-crossing (BC). The transfer process showed that the proportion of recurrent parent genome (PRPG) in BC 4 F 1  was greater than 94%, and the ratio of individual SC plants in BC 4 F 1  reached 100%. The newly created line, which was designated SC96–100 and exhibited both agronomic traits that were similar to those of 96–100 and a compatibility index (CI) greater than 5.0, was successfully used in the production of the commercial hybrid 06–88. The study herein provides new insight into the genetic basis of self-compatibility in cabbage and facilitates cabbage breeding using SC lines in the male-sterile (MS) system.

frontiers in plant science

Overcoming Cabbage Crossing Incompatibility by the Development and Application of Self-Compatibility-QTL- Specific Markers and Genome-Wide Background Analysis